最新世界排名中加拿大大学为何“超水平发挥”？尽现加国留学优势！

作者| ELIZABETH BENN

WHY ARE CANADIAN UNIVERSITIES PUNCHING ABOVE THEIR WEIGHT?
最新世界排名中加拿大大学为何“超水平发挥”？

The 2014/2015 QS university rankings recognize the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as the top university in the world. MIT is followed by the University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, and slightly further down the list is the University of Toronto in the twentieth spot. In the twenty-first spot is McGill University — not Berkeley, UCLA, or Northwestern, all ranked behind these two Canadian schools. In fact, five Canadian schools were ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. Meanwhile, schools and regions with more established academic reputations are no longer boasting the same level of education as Canadian schools. France has two schools ranked in the top 100, and both Germany and China have three. Where are these impressive numbers from Canada coming from?
在2014-2015年度QS世界大学排名中，麻省理工大学荣膺榜首，剑桥大学、伦敦帝国理工学院紧随其后，加拿大多伦多大学以微弱差距居于榜单第20位。加拿大的另一所大学——麦吉尔大学，领先加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学洛杉矶分校、西北大学，排在第21位。事实上，加拿大有5所大学进入世界最好的前100所大学。同时，越来越多加拿大学校正以无法企及的速度超越老牌学术强国和学术名校。法国在排名前100的大学中仅有两所，德国和中国则各有三所。那么加拿大如此令人惊讶的成绩究竟从何而来呢？



**BEING CLOSE TO AMERICA
靠近美国**

For one, in the English speaking world, the majority of PhD graduates come from the US. With America pumping out so many intelligent and highly educated graduates annually, they are not able to provide all of them with teaching positions. While remaining in the US is an option, and moving to the UK or Australia to find a position is another, coming to Canada doesn’t seem all too bad because of its proximity to the US, and the high value that it places on educators.
在英语世界中，大部分的博士毕业生都来自于美国。美国每年都会输出大量高智力高学历的毕业生，但是却不能提供足够的教学岗位供他们发挥才能。在这种情况下，诚然留在美国是一个选择，去英国或澳大利亚谋求职位也可供考虑。而由于加拿大地理位置毗邻美国，又高度重视学者，所以去加拿大谋职也不失为是一个好的出路。
Travel to the US for conferences and other business is fast and cheap, as many of the top universities in the world are easy to access with a quick flight. Additionally, Canada’s universities pay professors, lecturers, and other instructors much more on average than its English-speaking counterparts — a clear incentive for new and experienced professors alike.
从加拿大前往美国开会或处理事务又快又便宜，短程的飞行就能带你到达许多世界顶尖学府。另外，加拿大给教授、讲师和其他教员的薪酬远高于其他英语国家——无论对于新兴的还是经验丰富的教授们都是一个明确的“刺激”。



**GOOD SALARIES
高薪酬**

In a study conducted in 2012 by the Laboratory for Institutional Analysis from the Higher School of Economics in Moscow and the Boston College Centre for International Higher Education, it became clear that teaching in Canada in financially desirable. Canada tops the 28-country list with professor’s average monthly salary sitting at $7,196, while this figure is $6,054 in the United States and $5,943 in the United Kingdom. This results in professors making an extra $13,704 annually over those in the US, and $15,036 more than those in the UK.
2012年，由莫斯科的高等经济学院和波士顿学院国际高等教育中心的制度分析实验室发起的一项研究清楚地表明，在加拿大教书可以得到令人满意的经济回报。加拿大的教授平均月薪高达7196美元，位于28个受调查国家之首，而在美国和英国的教授每月平均薪酬只有6054美元和5943美元。这也导致了加拿大的教授们每年比美国和英国的同事们多挣13704美元和15036美元。



**HIGH QUALITY, WELL-FUNDED RESEARCH
研究质量高，经费充足**

But the presence of top professors is not the only contributor to Canadian universities’ high rankings. Research conducted in Canada is strong, and funding by the government is a lot higher than in many other countries. While there is often controversy over the areas where governments distribute their funds — given that some areas are backed substantially more than others, with a hint of private corporations’ influence over the government — there is no question that there is a substantial amount of financial support for universities to conduct important research. U of T, for example, is second to Harvard in the number of research articles co-authored by its professors! Additionally, its discoveries are cited by other researchers globally at the same rate as the top five US universities.
然而，顶尖的教授队伍不是加拿大大学高排名的唯一法宝。加拿大发起的研究质量很高，政府的资金支持也比许多别的国家高得多。虽然在政府在各个领域的资金分配问题上经常有争议——由于私营企业对政府的影响，有些领域得到的支持比其他领域更充分——即便如此，对于高校开展研究的经费支持却是不可撼动的。以多伦多大学为例，由其教授合著的研究论文在数量上仅次于哈佛大学。除此之外，其研究成果被全球其他研究者引用的频率与美国最顶尖的五所高校不相上下。



**AFFORDABLE FEES
学费合理**

Finally, Canadian education costs are cheaper than in many other countries – even for international students. At U of T, domestic undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences pay just under $7,000 for a year’s tuition, while international students pay between $11,160-$40,000 annually (depending on their program of study). Meanwhile, at the top school in the world, MIT, undergraduate tuition for one year is $43,210. Cornell University, which is ranked 19th in the world, one place ahead of U of T, charges undergraduates an average of $47,286 annually. It’s not hard to see which is more attractive to debt-laden students.
最后，加拿大的教育花费比许多其他国家都低廉，甚至对于国际学生也是一样。在多伦多大学，文理学院的国内本科生每年学费不到7000美元，国际学生每年的费用在11160美元到40000美元不等（依据他们自己的学习项目而定）。与此同时，在世界顶尖院校——麻省理工，本科生一年的学费为43210美元。而世界排名19，领先多伦多大学一名的康奈尔大学，本科生一年平均学费高达47286美元。不难看出对于负债累累的学生来说哪里更有吸引力吧。

来源：轻松加拿大